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Chapter 21
Holiness Required of Priests
1
Then [[YHWH|the LORD]] said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron’s sons, the priests, and tell them [that] [a priest] is not to defile himself for a dead person among his people,
יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־ מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־ אַהֲרֹ֑ן בְּנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לֹֽא־ יִטַּמָּ֖א לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ בְּעַמָּֽיו׃ Yah·weh way·yō·mer ’el- mō·šeh ’ĕ·mōr ’el- ’a·hă·rōn bə·nê hak·kō·hă·nîm wə·’ā·mar·tā ’ă·lê·hem lō- yiṭ·ṭam·mā lə·ne·p̄eš bə·‘am·māw — WLC · 1
Καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Εἰπὸν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἀαρὼν καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς Ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς οὐ μιανθήσονται ἐν τῷ ἔθνει αὐτῶν, — LXX Swete · 1
2
except… for his immediate… family— his mother, father, son, daughter, or brother,
כִּ֚י אִם־ הַקָּרֹ֖ב אֵלָ֑יו לִשְׁאֵר֔וֹ לְאִמּ֣וֹ וּלְאָבִ֔יו וְלִבְנ֥וֹ וּלְבִתּ֖וֹ וּלְאָחִֽיו׃ kî ’im- haq·qā·rōḇ ’ê·lāw liš·’ê·rōw lə·’im·mōw ū·lə·’ā·ḇîw wə·liḇ·nōw ū·lə·ḇit·tōw ū·lə·’ā·ḥîw — WLC · 2
ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ τῷ ἔγγιστα ἐπὶ πατρὶ καὶ μητρί, καὶ υἱοῖς καὶ θυγατράσιν, ἐπ’ ἀδελφῷ — LXX Swete · 2
3
or his unmarried sister who is near to him, since she has no husband -.
הַבְּתוּלָה֙ וְלַאֲחֹת֤וֹ הַקְּרוֹבָ֣ה אֵלָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיְתָ֖ה לֹֽא־ לְאִ֑ישׁ לָ֖הּ יִטַּמָּֽא׃ hab·bə·ṯū·lāh wə·la·’ă·ḥō·ṯōw haq·qə·rō·w·ḇāh ’ê·lāw ’ă·šer hā·yə·ṯāh lō- lə·’îš lāh yiṭ·ṭam·mā — WLC · 3
καὶ ἀδελφῇ παρθένῳ τῇ ἐγγιζούσῃ αὐτῷ τῇ μὴ ἐκδεδομένῃ ἀνδρί, ἐπὶ τούτοις μιανθήσεται. — LXX Swete · 3
4
He is not to defile himself for those related to him by marriage…, and so profane himself.
לֹ֥א יִטַּמָּ֖א בַּ֣עַל בְּעַמָּ֑יו לְהֵ֖חַלּֽוֹ׃ lō yiṭ·ṭam·mā ba·‘al bə·‘am·māw lə·hê·ḥal·lōw — WLC · 4
οὐ μιανθήσεται ἐξάπινα ἐν τῷ λαὼ αὐτοῦ εἰς βεβήλωσιν αὐτοῦ. — LXX Swete · 4
5
Priests must not make bald… spots on their heads, shave off the edges of their beards,… or make cuts in their bodies…
לֹֽא־ יִקְרְחָה קָרְחָה֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֔ם וּפְאַ֥ת זְקָנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ יִשְׂרְט֖וּ שָׂרָֽטֶת׃ וּבִ֨בְשָׂרָ֔ם לֹ֥א lō- yiq·rə·ḥå̄h qā·rə·ḥāh bə·rō·šām ū·p̄ə·’aṯ zə·qā·nām lō yə·ḡal·lê·ḥū yiś·rə·ṭū śā·rā·ṭeṯ ū·ḇiḇ·śā·rām lō — WLC · 5
καὶ φαλάκρωμα οὐ ξυρηθήσεσθε τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐπὶ νεκρῷ, καὶ τὴν ἄψιν τοῦ πώγωνος οὐ ξυρήσονται, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς σάρκας αὐτῶν οὐ κατατεμοῦσιν ἐντομίδας. — LXX Swete · 5
6
They must be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God. Because they present to [[YHWH|the LORD]] the food offerings, the food of their God, they must be holy.
יִהְיוּ֙ קְדֹשִׁ֤ים לֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ שֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּי֩ אֶת־ הֵ֥ם מַקְרִיבִ֖ם יְהוָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨י לֶ֧חֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֛ם וְהָ֥יוּ קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ yih·yū qə·ḏō·šîm lê·lō·hê·hem wə·lō yə·ḥal·lə·lū šêm ’ĕ·lō·hê·hem kî ’eṯ- hêm maq·rî·ḇim Yah·weh ’iš·šê le·ḥem ’ĕ·lō·hê·hem wə·hā·yū qō·ḏeš — WLC · 6
ἅγιοι ἔσονται τῷ θεῷ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν· τὰς γὰρ θυσίας κυρίου δῶρα τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ προσφέρουσιν, καὶ ἔσονται ἅγιοι. — LXX Swete · 6
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[A priest] must not marry… a woman defiled by prostitution or divorced by her husband, for [the priest] is holy to his God.
לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔חוּ וְאִשָּׁ֛ה אִשָּׁ֨ה וַחֲלָלָה֙ זֹנָ֤ה לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑חוּ גְּרוּשָׁ֥ה מֵאִישָׁ֖הּ כִּֽי־ ה֖וּא קָדֹ֥שׁ לֵאלֹהָֽיו׃ lō yiq·qā·ḥū wə·’iš·šāh ’iš·šāh wa·ḥă·lā·lāh zō·nāh lō yiq·qā·ḥū gə·rū·šāh mê·’î·šāh kî- hū qā·ḏōš lê·lō·hāw — WLC · 7
γυναῖκα πόρνην καὶ βεβηλωμένην οὐ λήμψονται, καὶ γυναῖκα ἐκβεβλημένην ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς. ἅγιός ἐστιν τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἁγιάσει αὐτόν· — LXX Swete · 7
8
You are to regard him as holy, since he presents the food of your God. He shall be holy to you, because I [[YHWH|the LORD]] am holy— I who set you apart.
וְקִדַּשְׁתּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־ אֶת־ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֑יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יִֽהְיֶה־ קָדֹשׁ֙ לָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה קָד֔וֹשׁ מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ wə·qid·daš·tōw kî- ’eṯ- hū maq·rîḇ le·ḥem ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā yih·yeh- qā·ḏōš lāḵ kî ’ă·nî Yah·weh qā·ḏō·wōš mə·qad·diš·ḵem — WLC · 8
τὰ δῶρα κυρίου θεοῦ ὑμῶν οὗτος προσφέρει· ἅγιος ἔσται, ὅτι ἅγιος ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτούς. — LXX Swete · 8
9
If a priest’s daughter… defiles herself by prostituting herself, she profanes her father; she must be burned in the fire.
כִּ֥י כֹּהֵ֔ן וּבַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ תֵחֵ֖ל לִזְנ֑וֹת אֶת־ הִ֣יא מְחַלֶּ֔לֶת אָבִ֙יהָ֙ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃ס בָּאֵ֖שׁ kî kō·hên ū·ḇaṯ ’îš ṯê·ḥêl liz·nō·wṯ ’eṯ- hî mə·ḥal·le·leṯ ’ā·ḇî·hā tiś·śā·rêp̄ bā·’êš — WLC · 9
καὶ θυγάτηρ ἀνθρώπου ἱερέως ἐὰν βεβηλωθῇ τοῦ ἐκπορνεῦσαι, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατμὸς αὐτῆς αὐτὴ βεβηλοῖ· — LXX Swete · 9
10
The priest who is highest among his brothers, who has had the anointing oil poured on his head and has been ordained - to wear the priestly garments, must not {let} his hair hang loose or tear his garments…
וְהַכֹּהֵן֩ הַגָּד֨וֹל מֵאֶחָ֜יו אֲֽשֶׁר־ הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ שֶׁ֤מֶן יוּצַ֥ק עַל־ רֹאשׁ֣וֹ׀ וּמִלֵּ֣א אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ לִלְבֹּ֖שׁ אֶת־ הַבְּגָדִ֑ים אֶת־ לֹ֣א רֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִפְרָ֔ע יִפְרֹֽם׃ וּבְגָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א wə·hak·kō·hên hag·gā·ḏō·wl mê·’e·ḥāw ’ăšer- ham·miš·ḥāh še·men yū·ṣaq ‘al- rō·šōw ū·mil·lê ’eṯ- yā·ḏōw lil·bōš ’eṯ- hab·bə·ḡā·ḏîm ’eṯ- lō rō·šōw yip̄·rā‘ yip̄·rōm ū·ḇə·ḡā·ḏāw lō — WLC · 10
ἐπὶ πυρὸς κατακαυθήσεται. Καὶ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ, τοῦ ἐπικεχυμένου ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ ἐλαίου τοῦ χριστοῦ καὶ τετελειωμένου ἐνδύσασθαι τὰ ἱμάτια, τὴν κεφαλὴν οὐκ ἀποκιδαρώσει καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια οὐ διαρρήξει, — LXX Swete · 10
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- He must not go near any dead body; he must not defile himself, even for his father or mother.
וְעַ֛ל לֹ֣א יָבֹ֑א כָּל־ מֵ֖ת נַפְשֹׁ֥ת לֹ֥א יִטַּמָּֽא׃ לְאָבִ֥יו וּלְאִמּ֖וֹ wə·‘al lō yā·ḇō kāl- mêṯ nap̄·šōṯ lō yiṭ·ṭam·mā lə·’ā·ḇîw ū·lə·’im·mōw — WLC · 11
καὶ ἐπὶ πάσῃ ψυχῇ τετελευτηκυίᾳ οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται, ἐπὶ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ οὐ μιανθήσεται, — LXX Swete · 11
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- He must not leave… or desecrate the sanctuary of his God, for the consecration of the anointing oil of his God is on him. I am [[YHWH|the LORD]].
וּמִן־ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א וְלֹ֣א הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ יְחַלֵּ֔ל אֵ֖ת מִקְדַּ֣שׁ אֱלֹהָ֑יו כִּ֡י נֵ֠זֶר מִשְׁחַ֧ת שֶׁ֣מֶן אֱלֹהָ֛יו עָלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ū·min- lō yê·ṣê wə·lō ham·miq·dāš yə·ḥal·lêl ’êṯ miq·daš ’ĕ·lō·hāw kî nê·zer miš·ḥaṯ še·men ’ĕ·lō·hāw ‘ā·lāw ’ă·nî Yah·weh — WLC · 12
καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἁγίων οὐκ ἐξελεύσεται καὶ οὐ βεβηλώσει τὸ ἡγιασμένον τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τὸ ἅγιον ἔλαιον τὸ χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ· ἐγὼ κύριος. — LXX Swete · 12
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The woman he marries must be a virgin.
אִשָּׁ֥ה וְה֕וּא יִקָּֽח׃ בִבְתוּלֶ֖יהָ ’iš·šāh wə·hū yiq·qāḥ ḇiḇ·ṯū·le·hā — WLC · 13
οὗτος παρθένον ἐκ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ λήμψεται· — LXX Swete · 13
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He is not to marry… a widow, a divorced woman, or one defiled by prostitution. - He is to marry… a virgin from his own people,
לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑ח כִּ֛י אִם־ אַלְמָנָ֤ה וּגְרוּשָׁה֙ וַחֲלָלָ֣ה זֹנָ֔ה אֶת־ אֵ֖לֶּה יִקַּ֥ח אִשָּֽׁה׃ בְּתוּלָ֥ה מֵעַמָּ֖יו lō yiq·qāḥ kî ’im- ’al·mā·nāh ū·ḡə·rū·šāh wa·ḥă·lā·lāh zō·nāh ’eṯ- ’êl·leh yiq·qaḥ ’iš·šāh bə·ṯū·lāh mê·‘am·māw — WLC · 14
χήραν δὲ καὶ ἐκβεβλημένην καὶ βεβηλωμένην καὶ πόρνην, ταύτας οὐ λήμψεται, ἀλλ’ ἢ παρθένον ἐκ Τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ λήμψεται γυναῖκα· — LXX Swete · 14
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so that he does not defile his offspring among his people, for I am [[YHWH|the LORD]] who sanctifies him.”
וְלֹֽא־ יְחַלֵּ֥ל זַרְע֖וֹ בְּעַמָּ֑יו כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃פ wə·lō- yə·ḥal·lêl zar·‘ōw bə·‘am·māw kî ’ă·nî Yah·weh mə·qad·də·šōw — WLC · 15
καὶ οὐ βεβηλώσει τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ· ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτόν. — LXX Swete · 15
Restrictions against Those with Blemishes
16
Then [[YHWH|the LORD]] said to Moses…,
יְהוָ֖ה וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־ מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ Yah·weh way·ḏab·bêr ’el- mō·šeh lê·mōr — WLC · 16
17
“Say to Aaron -, ‘For the generations to come, none of your descendants who has a physical defect may approach to offer the food of his God.
דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר לְדֹרֹתָ֗ם אִ֣ישׁ לֹ֣א מִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֞ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בוֹ֙ מ֔וּם יִקְרַ֔ב לְהַקְרִ֖יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ dab·bêr ’el- ’a·hă·rōn lê·mōr lə·ḏō·rō·ṯām ’îš lō miz·zar·‘ă·ḵā ’ă·šer yih·yeh ḇōw mūm yiq·raḇ lə·haq·rîḇ le·ḥem ’ĕ·lō·hāw — WLC · 17
Εἰπὸν Ἀαρών Ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ γένους σου εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν, τίνι ἐὰν ᾖ ἐν αὐτῷ μῶμος, οὐ προσελεύσεται προσφέρειν τὰ δῶρα τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ. — LXX Swete · 17
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- No… man who has any defect may approach— no man who is blind, lame,… disfigured,… or deformed;
כִּ֥י כָל־ לֹ֣א אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ בּ֥וֹ מ֖וּם יִקְרָ֑ב אִ֤ישׁ עִוֵּר֙ פִסֵּ֔חַ א֥וֹ חָרֻ֖ם א֥וֹ א֣וֹ שָׂרֽוּעַ׃ kî ḵāl lō ’îš ’ă·šer- bōw mūm yiq·rāḇ ’îš ‘iw·wêr p̄is·sê·aḥ ’ōw ḥā·rum ’ōw ’ōw śā·rū·a‘ — WLC · 18
πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ᾧ ἂν ᾖ ἐν αὐτῷ μῶμος οὐ προσελεύσεται· ἄνθρωπος χωλὸς ἢ τυφλὸς ἢ κολοβόριν ἢ ὠτότμητος, — LXX Swete · 18
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no man who has a broken foot or… hand,
א֣וֹ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ שֶׁ֣בֶר רָ֑גֶל א֖וֹ שֶׁ֥בֶר יָֽד׃ ’ōw ’îš ’ă·šer- yih·yeh ḇōw še·ḇer rā·ḡel ’ōw še·ḇer yāḏ — WLC · 19
ἄνθρωπος ᾧ ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῷ σύντριμμα χειρὸς ἢ σύντριμμα ποδός, — LXX Swete · 19
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or who is a hunchback or dwarf, or who has an eye defect, a festering rash,… scabs,… or a crushed testicle.
אֽוֹ־ גִבֵּ֣ן אוֹ־ דַ֔ק א֖וֹ בְּעֵינ֑וֹ תְּבַלֻּ֣ל גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת א֖וֹ א֤וֹ מְר֥וֹחַ אָֽשֶׁךְ׃ ’ōw- ḡib·bên ’ōw- ḏaq ’ōw bə·‘ê·nōw tə·ḇal·lul ḡā·rāḇ ’ōw yal·le·p̄eṯ ’ōw ’ōw mə·rō·w·aḥ ’ā·šeḵ — WLC · 20
ἢ κυρτὸς ἢ ἔφηλος ἢ πτίλος τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, ἢ ἄνθρωπος ᾧ ἂν ᾖ ἐν αὐτῷ ψώρα ἀγρία ὴ λιχὴν ἢ μόνορχις, — LXX Swete · 20
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No… descendant of Aaron the priest… who has a defect shall approach to present the food offerings to [[YHWH|the LORD]]. [Since] he has a defect -, he is not to come near to offer the food of his God.
כָּל־ אִ֞ישׁ מִזֶּ֙רַע֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן לֹ֣א אֲשֶׁר־ בּ֣וֹ מ֗וּם יִגַּ֔שׁ לְהַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־ אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ אֵ֚ת לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ לְהַקְרִֽיב׃ לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו kāl- ’îš miz·ze·ra‘ ’a·hă·rōn hak·kō·hên lō ’ă·šer- bōw mūm yig·gaš lə·haq·rîḇ ’eṯ- ’iš·šê Yah·weh mūm bōw ’êṯ lō yig·gaš lə·haq·rîḇ le·ḥem ’ĕ·lō·hāw — WLC · 21
πᾶς ᾧ ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῷ μῶμος ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως οὐ προσεγγιεῖ τοῦ προσενεγκεῖν τὰς θυσίας τῷ θεῷ σου, ὅτι μῶμος ἐν αὐτῷ· τὰ δῶρα τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ προσελεύσεται τᾶι προσενεγκεῖν. — LXX Swete · 21
22
He may eat the most holy food of his God as well as the holy [food],
יֹאכֵֽל׃ מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו וּמִן־ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים yō·ḵêl miq·qā·ḏə·šê haq·qo·ḏā·šîm le·ḥem ’ĕ·lō·hāw ū·min- haq·qo·ḏā·šîm — WLC · 22
τὰ δῶρα τοῦ θεοῦ τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων φάγεται· — LXX Swete · 22
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but because he has a defect he must not go… near the veil or approach the altar, vvv so as not to desecrate My sanctuaries. For I am [[YHWH|the LORD]] who sanctifies them.’”
אַ֣ךְ כִּֽי־ מ֣וּם בּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א לֹ֣א יָבֹ֗א וְאֶל־ אֶל־ הַפָּרֹ֜כֶת יִגַּ֖שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ לֹ֥א יְחַלֵּל֙ אֶת־ מִקְדָּשַׁ֔י כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ ’aḵ kî- mūm bōw wə·lō lō yā·ḇō wə·’el- ’el- hap·pā·rō·ḵeṯ yig·gaš ham·miz·bê·aḥ lō yə·ḥal·lêl ’eṯ- miq·dā·šay kî ’ă·nî Yah·weh mə·qad·də·šām — WLC · 23
πλὴν πρὸς τὸ καταπέτασμα οὐ προσελεύσεται, καὶ πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον οὐκ ἐγγιεῖ, ὅτι μῶμον ὦι· καὶ οὐ βεβηλώσει τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτούς. — LXX Swete · 23
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Moses told this to Aaron and his sons… and to all the Israelites…
מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹ֖ן בָּנָ֑יו וְאֶֽל־ וְאֶל־ כָּל־ בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃פ mō·šeh way·ḏab·bêr ’el- ’a·hă·rōn bā·nāw wə·’el- wə·’el- kāl- bə·nê yiś·rā·’êl — WLC · 24
καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ πρὸς πάντας υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ. — LXX Swete · 24