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Chapter 25
Fairness and Mercy
1
If there is a dispute between men, they are to go to court to be judged, so that the innocent may be acquitted and the guilty condemned.
כִּֽי־ יִהְיֶ֥ה רִיב֙ בֵּ֣ין אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְנִגְּשׁ֥וּ אֶל־ הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט וּשְׁפָט֑וּם הַצַּדִּ֔יק וְהִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙ אֶת־ הָרָשָֽׁע׃ אֶת־ וְהִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ kî- yih·yeh rîḇ bên ’ă·nā·šîm wə·nig·gə·šū ’el- ham·miš·pāṭ ū·šə·p̄ā·ṭūm haṣ·ṣad·dîq wə·hiṣ·dî·qū ’eṯ- hā·rā·šā‘ ’eṯ- wə·hir·šî·‘ū — WLC · 1
Ἐὰν δὲ γένηται ἀντιλογία ἀνὰ μέσον ἀνθρώπων, καὶ προσέλθωσιν εἰς κρίσιν, καὶ δικαιώσωσιν τὸ δίκαιον καὶ καταγνῶσιν τοῦ ἀσεβοῦς. — LXX Swete · 1
2
- If… the guilty man deserves to be beaten, the judge shall have him lie down and be flogged in his presence with the number of lashes his crime warrants.
וְהָיָ֛ה אִם־ בִּ֥ן הָרָשָׁ֑ע הַכּ֖וֹת הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ וְהִפִּיל֤וֹ וְהִכָּ֣הוּ לְפָנָ֔יו בְּמִסְפָּֽר׃ כְּדֵ֥י רִשְׁעָת֖וֹ wə·hā·yāh ’im- bin hā·rā·šā‘ hak·kō·wṯ haš·šō·p̄êṭ wə·hip·pî·lōw wə·hik·kā·hū lə·p̄ā·nāw bə·mis·pār kə·ḏê riš·‘ā·ṯōw — WLC · 2
καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν ἄξιος ᾖ πληγῶν ὁ ἀσεβῶν, καθιεῖς αὐτὸν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν. — LXX Swete · 2
3
He may receive no more than forty {lashes}, lest your brother be beaten any more than that… and be degraded in your sight.
יַכֶּ֖נּוּ לֹ֣א יֹסִ֑יף אַרְבָּעִ֥ים פֶּן־ אָחִ֖יךָ לְהַכֹּת֤וֹ יֹסִ֨יף עַל־ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ מַכָּ֣ה רַבָּ֔ה וְנִקְלָ֥ה לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ס yak·ken·nū lō yō·sîp̄ ’ar·bā·‘îm pen- ’ā·ḥî·ḵā lə·hak·kō·ṯōw yō·sîp̄ ‘al- ’êl·leh mak·kāh rab·bāh wə·niq·lāh lə·‘ê·ne·ḵā — WLC · 3
καὶ ἀριθμῷ τεσσεπάκοντα μαστιγώσουσιν αὐτόν, οὐ προσθήσουσιν. ἐὰν δὲ προσθῇς μαστιγῶσαι ὑπὲρ ταύτας τὰς πληγὰς πλείους, ἀσχημονήσει ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἐναντίον σου. — LXX Swete · 3
4
Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.
לֹא־ תַחְסֹ֥ם שׁ֖וֹר בְּדִישֽׁוֹ׃ס lō- ṯaḥ·sōm šō·wr bə·ḏî·šōw — WLC · 4
Widowhood and Marriage
5
When brothers dwell together and one of them dies without a son, the widow… must not marry… vvv outside [the family]. Her husband’s brother is to take her as his wife vvv vvv and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law for her.
כִּֽי־ אַחִ֜ים יֵשְׁב֨וּ יַחְדָּ֗ו אַחַ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ וּמֵ֨ת אֵֽין־ ל֔וֹ וּבֵ֣ן אֵֽשֶׁת־ הַמֵּ֛ת לֹֽא־ תִהְיֶ֧ה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר הַח֖וּצָה יְבָמָהּ֙ וּלְקָחָ֥הּ ל֛וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה יָבֹ֣א עָלֶ֔יהָ וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃ kî- ’a·ḥîm yê·šə·ḇū yaḥ·dāw ’a·ḥaḏ mê·hem ū·mêṯ ’ên- lōw ū·ḇên ’ê·šeṯ- ham·mêṯ lō- ṯih·yeh lə·’îš zār ha·ḥū·ṣāh yə·ḇā·māh ū·lə·qā·ḥāh lōw lə·’iš·šāh yā·ḇō ‘ā·le·hā wə·yib·bə·māh — WLC · 5
Ἐὰν δὲ κατοικῶσιν ἀδελφοὶ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό, καὶ ἀποθάνῃ εἷς αὐτῶν, σπέρμα δὲ μὴ ἦν αὐτῷ, οὐκ ἔσται ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ τεθνηκότος ἔξω ἀνδρὶ μὴ ἐγγίζοντι· ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς εἰσελεύσεται πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ λήμψεται αὐτὴν ἑαυτῷ γυναῖκα καὶ συνοικήσει αὐτῇ. — LXX Swete · 5
6
- The first son she bears will carry on the name of the dead brother, so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel.
וְהָיָ֗ה הַבְּכוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד יָק֕וּם עַל־ שֵׁ֥ם הַמֵּ֑ת אָחִ֖יו שְׁמ֖וֹ וְלֹֽא־ יִמָּחֶ֥ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ wə·hā·yāh hab·bə·ḵō·wr ’ă·šer tê·lêḏ yā·qūm ‘al- šêm ham·mêṯ ’ā·ḥîw šə·mōw wə·lō- yim·mā·ḥeh mî·yiś·rā·’êl — WLC · 6
καὶ ἔσται τὸ παιδίον ὃ ἐὰν τέκῃ κατασταθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ τετελευτηκότος, καὶ οὐκ ἐξαλειφθήσεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ. — LXX Swete · 6
7
But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, she is to go to the elders at the city gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel. He is not willing to perform the duty of a brother-in-law for me.”
וְאִם־ הָאִ֔ישׁ לֹ֤א יַחְפֹּץ֙ לָקַ֖חַת אֶת־ יְבִמְתּ֑וֹ יְבִמְתּ֨וֹ וְעָלְתָה֩ אֶל־ הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים הַשַּׁ֜עְרָה וְאָֽמְרָה֙ יְבָמִ֜י מֵאֵ֨ין לְהָקִ֨ים לְאָחִ֥יו שֵׁם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה יַבְּמִֽי׃ wə·’im- hā·’îš lō yaḥ·pōṣ lā·qa·ḥaṯ ’eṯ- yə·ḇim·tōw yə·ḇim·tōw wə·‘ā·lə·ṯāh ’el- haz·zə·qê·nîm haš·ša‘·rāh wə·’ā·mə·rāh yə·ḇā·mî mê·’ên lə·hā·qîm lə·’ā·ḥîw šêm bə·yiś·rā·’êl lō ’ā·ḇāh yab·bə·mî — WLC · 7
ἐὸν δὲ μὴ βούληται ὁ ἄνθρωπος λαβεῖν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναβήσεται ἡ γυνὴ ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην ἐπὶ τὴν γερουσίαν καὶ ἐρεῖ Οὐ θέλει ὁ τοῦ ἀνδρός μου ἀναστῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐν Ἴ’ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ ἀνδρός μου. — LXX Swete · 7
8
Then the elders of his city shall summon him and speak with him. If he persists and says, “I do not want to marry her,”
זִקְנֵי־ עִיר֖וֹ וְקָֽרְאוּ־ ל֥וֹ וְדִבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֑יו וְעָמַ֣ד וְאָמַ֔ר לֹ֥א חָפַ֖צְתִּי לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ ziq·nê- ‘î·rōw wə·qā·rə·’ū- lōw wə·ḏib·bə·rū ’ê·lāw wə·‘ā·maḏ wə·’ā·mar lō ḥā·p̄aṣ·tî lə·qaḥ·tāh — WLC · 8
καὶ καλέσουσιν αὐτὸν ἡ γερουσία τῆς πόλεως αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐροῦσιν αὐτῷ, καὶ στὰς εἴπῃ Οὐ βούλομαι λαβεῖν αὐτήν· — LXX Swete · 8
9
his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, remove his sandal -, spit in his face,… and declare, “This is what is done to the man who will not maintain his brother’s line.”
יְבִמְתּ֣וֹ וְנִגְּשָׁ֨ה אֵלָיו֮ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִים֒ וְחָלְצָ֤ה נַעֲלוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְל֔וֹ וְיָרְקָ֖ה בְּפָנָ֑יו וְעָֽנְתָה֙ וְאָ֣מְרָ֔ה כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ יִבְנֶ֖ה אֶת־ אָחִֽיו בֵּ֥ית yə·ḇim·tōw wə·nig·gə·šāh ’ê·lāw lə·‘ê·nê haz·zə·qê·nîm wə·ḥā·lə·ṣāh na·‘ă·lōw mê·‘al raḡ·lōw wə·yā·rə·qāh bə·p̄ā·nāw wə·‘ā·nə·ṯāh wə·’ā·mə·rāh kā·ḵāh yê·‘ā·śeh lā·’îš ’ă·šer lō- yiḇ·neh ’eṯ- ʾå̄·ḥīw bêṯ — WLC · 9
καὶ προσελθοῦσα ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔναντι τῆς γερουσίας, καὶ ὑπολύσει τὸ ὑπόδημα αὐτοῦ τὸ ἕλ’ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποδὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐμπτύσεται κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀποκριθεῖσα ἐρεῖ οὕτως ποιήσουσιν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς οὐκ οἰκοδομήσει τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐν Ἰσραήλ· — LXX Swete · 9
10
And his family name in Israel will be called “The House of the Unsandaled…”
שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִקְרָ֥א בֵּ֖ית הַנָּֽעַל׃ס חֲל֥וּץ šə·mōw bə·yiś·rā·’êl wə·niq·rā bêṯ han·nā·‘al ḥă·lūṣ — WLC · 10
καὶ κληθήσεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐν Ἰσραὴλ οἶκος τοῦ ὑπολυθέντος τὸ ὑπόδημα. — LXX Swete · 10
11
If two men… are fighting -, and the wife of one comes to rescue her husband from the one striking him, and she reaches out her hand and grabs his genitals,
כִּֽי־ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים יַחְדָּו֙ יִנָּצ֨וּ אִ֣ישׁ וְאָחִ֔יו אֵ֣שֶׁת הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וְקָֽרְבָה֙ לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶת־ אִישָׁ֖הּ מִיַּ֣ד מַכֵּ֑הוּ וְשָׁלְחָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ וְהֶחֱזִ֖יקָה בִּמְבֻשָֽׁיו׃ kî- ’ă·nā·šîm yaḥ·dāw yin·nā·ṣū ’îš wə·’ā·ḥîw ’ê·šeṯ hā·’e·ḥāḏ wə·qā·rə·ḇāh lə·haṣ·ṣîl ’eṯ- ’îš·šāh mî·yaḏ mak·kê·hū wə·šā·lə·ḥāh yā·ḏāh wə·he·ḥĕ·zî·qāh bim·ḇu·šāw — WLC · 11
ἐὰν δὲ μάχωνται ἄνθρωποι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό, ἄνθρωπος μετὰ τοῦ ἁ αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσέλθῃ γυνὴ ἑνὸς αὐτῶν ἐξελέσθαι τὸν ἄν ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ τύπτοντος αὐτόν, καὶ ἐκτείνασα τὴν χεῖρα ἐπιλάβηται τῶν διδύμων αὐτοῦ, — LXX Swete · 11
12
you are to cut off her hand. vvv You must show her no pity…
וְקַצֹּתָ֖ה אֶת־ כַּפָּ֑הּ לֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶֽךָ׃ס wə·qaṣ·ṣō·ṯāh ’eṯ- kap·pāh lō ṯā·ḥō·ws ‘ê·ne·ḵā — WLC · 12
ἀποκόψεις τὴν χεῖρα· οὐ φείσεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἐπ’ αὐτῇ. — LXX Swete · 12
Standard Weights and Measures
13
You shall not have two differing weights… in your bag, one heavy and one light.
לֹֽא־ יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ אֶ֣בֶן וָאָ֑בֶן בְּכִֽיסְךָ֖ גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃ס lō- yih·yeh lə·ḵā ’e·ḇen wā·’ā·ḇen bə·ḵî·sə·ḵā gə·ḏō·w·lāh ū·qə·ṭan·nāh — WLC · 13
Οὐκ ἔσται σοι ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ στάθμιον καὶ στάθμιον, μέγα ἢ μικρόν· — LXX Swete · 13
14
You shall not have two differing measures… in your house, one large and one small.
לֹא־ יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ אֵיפָ֣ה וְאֵיפָ֑ה בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃ lō- yih·yeh lə·ḵā ’ê·p̄āh wə·’ê·p̄āh bə·ḇê·ṯə·ḵā gə·ḏō·w·lāh ū·qə·ṭan·nāh — WLC · 14
οὐκ ἔσται ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου μέτρον καὶ μέτρον, μέγα ἢ μικρόν· — LXX Swete · 14
15
You must maintain accurate and honest weights [and]… measures, so that you may live long… in the land that [[YHWH|the LORD]] your God is giving you.
יִֽהְיֶה־ לָּ֔ךְ שְׁלֵמָ֤ה וָצֶ֙דֶק֙ אֶ֣בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֛ה וָצֶ֖דֶק יִֽהְיֶה־ לָּ֑ךְ אֵיפָ֧ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִ֣יכוּ יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ yih·yeh- lāḵ šə·lê·māh wā·ṣe·ḏeq ’e·ḇen šə·lê·māh wā·ṣe·ḏeq yih·yeh- lāḵ ’ê·p̄āh lə·ma·‘an ya·’ă·rî·ḵū yā·me·ḵā ‘al hā·’ă·ḏā·māh ’ă·šer- Yah·weh ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā nō·ṯên lāḵ — WLC · 15
στάθμιον ἀληθινὸν καὶ δίκαιον ἔσται σοι, ἵνα πολυήμερος γένῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι ἐν κλήρῳ. — LXX Swete · 15
16
For everyone who behaves dishonestly in regard to these things is detestable to [[YHWH|the LORD]] your God.
כִּ֧י כָּל־ כֹּ֖ל עֹ֥שֵׂה עָֽוֶל׃פ עֹ֣שֵׂה אֵ֑לֶּה תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ kî kāl- kōl ‘ō·śêh ‘ā·wel ‘ō·śêh ’êl·leh ṯō·w·‘ă·ḇaṯ Yah·weh ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — WLC · 16
Revenge on the Amalekites
17
Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt,
זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־ עֲמָלֵ֑ק עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ zā·ḵō·wr ’êṯ ’ă·šer- ‘ă·mā·lêq ‘ā·śāh lə·ḵā bad·de·reḵ bə·ṣê·ṯə·ḵem mim·miṣ·rā·yim — WLC · 17
Μνήσθητι ὅσα ἐποίησέν σοι Ἀμαλὴκ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἐκπορευομένου σου ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, — LXX Swete · 17
18
how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers…; they had no fear of God.
אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְאַתָּ֖ה וְיָגֵ֑עַ עָיֵ֣ף וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־ הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ ’ă·šer qā·rə·ḵā bad·de·reḵ wə·’at·tāh wə·yā·ḡê·a‘ ‘ā·yêp̄ way·zan·nêḇ bə·ḵā kāl- han·ne·ḥĕ·šā·lîm ʾa·ḥa·rɛ·ḵå̄ wə·lō yā·rê ’ĕ·lō·hîm — WLC · 18
πῶς σοι ἐν τῆ ὁδῷ καὶ ἔκοψέν σου τὴν οὐραγίαν, τοὺς κοπιῶντας ὀπίσω σου, σὺ δὲ ἐπείνας καὶ ἐκοπίας, καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὸν θεόν καὶ ἔσται ἡνίκα ἐὰν καταπαύσῃ σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἀθρῶν σου τῶν κύκλῳ σου ἐν τῇ γῆ ἧ κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι κληρονομῆσαι, ἐξαλείψεις τὸ ὄνομα Ἀμαλὴκ ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ. — LXX Swete · 18
19
- When [[YHWH|the LORD]] your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that [He]… is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!
וְהָיָ֡ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ׀ לְ֠ךָ בְּהָנִ֣יחַ מִכָּל־ אֹ֨יְבֶ֜יךָ מִסָּבִ֗יב בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְהוָֽה־ אֱ֠לֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֤ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נַחֲלָה֙ תִּמְחֶה֙ אֶת־ זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹ֖א תִּשְׁכָּֽח׃פ wə·hā·yāh Yah·weh ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā lə·ḵā bə·hā·nî·aḥ mik·kāl ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā mis·sā·ḇîḇ bā·’ā·reṣ ’ă·šer Yah·weh- ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā nō·ṯên lə·ḵā lə·riš·tāh na·ḥă·lāh tim·ḥeh ’eṯ- zê·ḵer ‘ă·mā·lêq mit·ta·ḥaṯ haš·šā·mā·yim lō tiš·kāḥ — WLC · 19